The Iceberg has Melted: Theoretical, Measurement and Applied Developments in the Area of Mood and Physical Activity

Introduction Investigations of relationships between mood and physical activity have provided a focus for researchers for decades; led by William P. Morgan’s pioneering research efforts since the 1960s. Generally, the central tenets of Morgan’s (1985) mental health model, which proposed an inverse relationship between psychopathology and sport performance, have stood the test of time (see Raglin, 2001). However, one proposal associated with Morgan, immortalised in a 1980 article Test of Champions: The Iceberg Profile, in which he espoused the importance of a mood profile characterised by low anger, confusion, depression, fatigue and tension, and high vigour, has been the subject of much critical debate in the sport psychology literature (e.g., Renger, 1993; Rowley, Landers, Kyllo, & Etnier, 1995; Terry, 1995, Beedie, Terry, & Lane, 2000), which continues to the present time.